DNA purification is a common Artificial gene synthesis and crucial procedure in molecular biology. Purification of DNA aims at getting rid of the desired genetic material (chromosomal material) from contaminants such as proteins, RNA, and cell membrane. This is a critical step in almost all molecular applications. It must be carried out correctly to obtain high-quality and usable DNA.
There are a variety of options for DNA purification. The selection of the method is contingent on a myriad of factors including the starting materials and downstream applications, as well as cost and time limitations. The most common genomic and plasmid purification methods include chemical treatment, enzyme digestion or mechanical disintegration of cells and tissues, followed by salting of proteins and precipitating DNA using alcohol.
Ethanol precipitation is a simple cost-effective and quick method for desalting and concentration of DNA. DNA molecules accumulate in the presence monovalent cations like sodium, and are then precipitated from solution using high concentrations ethanol. This technique permits the removal of organic compounds, and other impurities from a sample. It is often used in conjunction with other purification techniques.
Anion exchange chromatography is another well-known method for DNA purification. DNA in solution is linked to positively charged resins via the interaction between the negatively charged DNA phosphate backbone and the positively charged surface molecules of the resin. During the binding and washing steps removal of contaminating molecules from the DNA by stringent wash steps. The DNA that is purified is eluted under low salt conditions.